Dental handpiece types and main purposes

2025-05-10

Dental handpieces and related equipment can be divided into a number of categories, and even within those categories, there are multiple ways components can be organized. The basic breakdowns for individual handpiece components include complete systems with their own parts or as part-only items that need to have an existing system associated in order to work on the patient’s teeth. These are the following:


High Speed (Air Turbine) Handpiece

dental handpiece

The high speed handpiece is a precision device for the removal of tooth tissue efficiently and quickly with no pressure, heat, or vibration. It cuts the teeth easily but it has to be used carefully.

Dental high-speed handpieces can vary by design shape and construction material but will all run at 250,000 to 400,000 RPMs. Features such as attachment type, head size, light source (fiber optic lights), handpiece weight, and motor noise further distinguish high-speed variations of dental tools. High-speed dental handpieces are indispensable for tasks such as tooth preparation and decay removal, showcasing their precision and efficiency in modern dentistry.


Low Speed (Air Turbine) Handpiece

Dental handpiece types

A Low (Slow) Speed Handpiece is a handheld motor, usually air-driven or electric that spins the dental bur and prophy cup at 50,000 RPM. They are used for removing caries as well as refining cavity preparations in endodontic procedures such as root canal treatments. The low-speed handpiece’s features vary between manufacturers such as dental bur attachment, air/water nozzles, construction material, and angle design. Handpiece.


Electric Handpieces

Dental handpiece main purposes

Electric dental handpiece systems are powerful contra-angle tools that save time and increase accuracy. The motorized torque of electric motors reduces the need for air-driven precision and can be of great help to dentists when working in tight spaces or difficult angles. Electric handpieces also come in a variety of different styles to provide flexibility while saving money on additional equipment purchases.


Surgical Handpieces

dental handpiece

In order to keep your oral surgeries safe, you need to use a surgical air-driven handpiece. These surgical handpieces are designed with grated vents which prevent air from spraying into your oral cavity while you’re in surgery—this is crucial as it could cause complications quickly. Surgical handpieces dental tools are engineered for precision and reliability, ensuring that delicate procedures such as implant placements and extractions are performed efficiently and safely.


Endodontic Handpieces

Dental handpiece types

Endodontic handpieces are specialized dental instruments designed to clean and shape canals during root canal treatments. These tools have the ability to drive endodontic files with precision, preventing file breakage or binding in most cases. Whether reciprocating or rotating, these handpieces work with your preferred file system and other operatory equipment for precision.


Implant Handpieces

Dental handpiece main purposes

The implant handpieces have been specially designed for oral and maxillofacial surgery. The high-quality stainless steel with a special coating makes them particularly robust.


When you’re choosing any dental handpiece, the first consideration should be what tasks it will need to perform. High-speed options are often used for preparing teeth while low-speed ones are more appropriate when finishing and polishing restorations. Many electric handsets have a high/low-speed setting which is perfect if your needs vary – though most of these systems offer both speeds too. Once you know how this device will function in your specialized dental practice, it’s important to get a sense of how well its design feels in hand: weight balance, head size durability all factor into whether or not that particular piece might work best with your business requirements.


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